Compiled on 2023-12-17 from rev dcda231188dc.
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In English written symbol represent different sounds:
rough [XXX] through [XXX] bough [XXX] though [XXX] cough [XXX]
Many linguists argue that English require spelling reform.
Phonetic transcriptions usually enclosed in square brackets [əbaʊt] or slashes /əbaʊt/.
gadict project try to follow OED 2ed (Oxford English Dictionary) pronunciation for dialect known as RP (Received Pronunciation) and uses IPA for representation of pronunciation like in Wikipedia project:
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English
- Wikipedia IPA for English.
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA_chart_for_English
- This concise chart shows the most common applications of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to represent English language pronunciations.
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Received_Pronunciation
- Wiki about RP.
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oed
- Oxford English Dictionary.
Compare:
[b]:
bed [bed], bird [bɜːrd], baby [beɪbi]
[p]:
pen [pen], people [piːpəl], hope [həʊp], pop [pɒp]
[d]:
dead [ded], dust [dʌst], odd [ɒd], did [dɪd]
[t]:
tree [triː], get [ɡet], button [bʌtn], tight [taɪt]
[ʧ]:
chalk [ʧɔːk], teacher [tiːʧər], match [mæʧ], church [ʧɜːrʧ]
[f]:
fat [fæt], flow [fləʊ], fine [faɪn], coffee [kɒfɪ], fluff [flʌf]
[v]:
very [ˈveri], heavy [ˈhevi], move [muːv], verve [vɜːrv]
[ɡ]:
glove [ɡlʌv], give [ɡɪv], bag [bæɡ], gig [ɡɪɡ]
[h]:
hot [hɒt], high [haɪ], hear [hɪə], hello [ˈheləʊ], how [hau]
[j]:
yet [jet], useful [juːsfəl], yellow [jeləʊ], cute [kjuːt]
[k]:
cat [kæt], came [keɪm], lucky [lʌki], sick [sɪk]
[l]:
lamp [læmp], bell [bel], level [levəl]
[m]:
milk [mɪlk], sum [sʌm]
[n]:
note [nəʊt], funny [fʌni], son [sʌn], none [nʌn]
[r]:
right [raɪt], road [rəʊd], sorry [ˈsɒrɪ]
[s]:
sofa [səʊfə], hiss [hɪs], cease [siːs]
[ð]:
then [ðen], this [ðɪs], that [ðæt], other [ʌðər], both [bəʊð]
[θ]:
think [θɪnk], throw [θrəʊ], author [ɔːθər], path [pæθ]
[ʃ]:
shoe [ʃuː], nation [neɪʃən], fish [fɪʃ], shush [ʃʊʃ]
[ʒ]:
pleasure [pleʒə], vision [ˈvɪʒən], beige [beɪʒ]
[dʒ]:
joke [dʒəʊk], lodger [lɒdʒər], bridge [brɪdʒ], judge [dʒʌdʒ]
[w]:
wet [wet], one [wʌn], when [wen], quick [kwɪk]
[z]:
zinc [zɪŋk], buzz [bʌz], roses [rəʊzəz]
[ʌ]:
son [sʌn], ɡun [ɡʌn]
[ɑː]:
car [kɑːr], father [fɑðər], start [stɑːrt], hard [hɑːrd]
[ɒ]:
lot [lɒt], hot [hɒt], odd [ɒd], love [lʌv], blood [blʌd]
[ɔː]:
fork [fɔːk], or [ɔː], fall [fɔːl]
[ʊ]:
good [ɡʊd], foot [fʊt], put [pʊt]
[uː]:
blue [blu:], group [ɡruːp]
[ɛ]:
pen [pɛn], text [tɛxt], pet [pɛt], dress [drɛs], bed [bɛd]
[ɪ]:
pin [pɪn], milk [mɪlk], minit [mɪnɪt], bid [bɪd]
[iː]:
tree [triː], see [siː], me [miː], tea [tiː]
[ɪə]:
ear [ɪə], dear [dɪə]
[ɜr]:
girl [gɜrl], first [fɜrst], work [wɜrk], learn [lɛrn]
[æ]:
fat [fæt], happy [hæppɪ], trap [træp]
[aɪ]:
high [haɪ], price [praɪs], try [traɪ]
[eə]:
where [weə], fair [feə], pair [peə]
[eɪ]:
face [feɪs], break [breɪk], day [deɪ]
[ɔɪ]:
choice [ʧɔɪs], noise [nɔɪz], boy [bɔɪ]
[əʊ]:
open [əʊpən], colon [kəʊlən], show [ʃəʊ]
[ɪə]:
near [nɪə], hear [hɪə]
[ʊə]:
tour [tʊə], pure [pjʊə], cure [kjʊə]
θ ð ʃ ŋ ʧ ʒ ı ɡ ː ˌ ˈ ˑ ˏ ˊ ˋ æ ɑ ɒ ʌ ʊ ɒ ɛ ə ɜ ɔ ɪ є ɚ
You can copy/paste they in phonetic string.
Front Central Back
long short long short long short
Close iː ɪ uː ʊ
Mid ɛ ɜː ə ɔː
Open æ ʌ ɑː ɒ
Diphthong Triphthong
Closing Centring
/eɪ/ /ɪə/ /aɪə/
/aɪ/ /eə/ /ɑʊə/
/ɔɪ/ /ʊə/
/əʊ/
/aʊ/
From "Better English pronunciation.":
Old iː i e ɔː u uː ei ou ai au ɔi æ ɔ ʌ əː ɑː iə ɛə uə ə New iː ɪ e ɔː ʊ uː eɪ əʊ aɪ aʊ ɔɪ æ ɒ ʌ ɜː ɑː ɪə eə ʊə ə
Also from Wikipedia:
Old æ e əː ʌɪ ɑʊ ɛə New a ɛ ɜː aɪ aʊ eə